Organic compound – Harry & Co Jewellery

Definitions and History of Organic Compounds

Organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds.
Inorganic compounds may contain carbon but lack carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds.
Alkanes and their derivatives are universally considered organic.
Halides of carbon without carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds are sometimes considered inorganic.
Compounds of carbon with nitrogen and oxygen may be considered inorganic.
Vitalism was the belief that organic compounds were formed by a vital force possessed only by living organisms.
Jöns Jacob Berzelius argued for the existence of a regulative force within living bodies.
Friedrich Wöhler's experiments disproved vitalism by synthesizing organic compounds from inorganic ones.
Modern scientific nomenclature still distinguishes between organic and inorganic compounds.
The term 'carbogenic' has been proposed as an alternative to 'organic'.

Vitalism taught that organic compounds were fundamentally different from inorganic compounds.
It was based on the belief that substances found in organic nature were formed by a vital force.
Vitalism was discredited after experiments by Friedrich Wöhler and others.
Wöhler synthesized organic compounds from inorganic salts, disproving the need for vitalism.
The formulation of modern ideas about atomic theory and chemical elements further questioned vitalism.

The modern definition of organic compounds includes any carbon-containing compound.
The term 'organic' does not necessarily imply a connection to living organisms.
Some carbon-containing compounds are excluded from the definition of organic, such as alloys containing carbon.
There is no consensus on which carbon-containing compounds should be excluded from the organic category.
Inorganic compounds include metal carbonates, simple oxides of carbon, and cyanide derivatives without organic residues.

Alloys containing carbon, such as steel, are generally excluded from organic compounds.
Metal and semimetal carbides, including ionic and covalent carbides, are considered inorganic.
Metal carbonates, simple oxides of carbon, and allotropes of carbon are also excluded from organic compounds.
Cyanide derivatives without organic residues, halides of carbon without hydrogen, and other exotic oxocarbons are inorganic.
Some metal carbonyls, like nickel tetracarbonyl, are classified as organometallic compounds and may be debated as organic.

Organic compounds can be classified as natural or synthetic.
Heteroatoms can be used to further classify organic compounds, such as organometallic compounds and organophosphorus compounds.
Size is another classification criterion, distinguishing between small molecules and polymers.
Natural compounds are produced by plants or animals.
Many natural compounds are still extracted from natural sources due to cost considerations.
Examples of natural compounds include sugars, alkaloids, terpenoids, and certain nutrients.
Synthetic compounds are prepared by reactions of other compounds.
Many polymers, including plastics and rubbers, are organic synthetic compounds.
Synthetic compounds can be either naturally occurring compounds or artificial compounds.

Reference	URL
Glossary	https://harryandcojewellery.com.au/blogs/glossary/organic-compound
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compound
Wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174211
Knowledge Graph	https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/05klb