Child

Definition of a Child

• A child is typically defined as a person between birth and puberty.
• Legally, a child is anyone below the age of majority or a specific age limit.
• The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child defines a child as someone below 18 years old.
• Some countries have different age limits for defining a child, such as Singapore where it is under 14.
• In U.S. Immigration Law, a child is someone under 21 years old.

Developmental Stages of Childhood

• Early childhood follows infancy and includes the toddlerhood stage.
• Early childhood lasts until around age 6 or 7.
• Middle childhood begins at around age 6 and ends at around age 9 or 10.
• Early and middle childhood are considered formative years.
• Late childhood, also known as preadolescence, typically occurs between ages 9-12.

Early Childhood

• Early childhood is a stage where children learn through observation, experimentation, and communication.
• During this stage, a strong emotional bond is formed between the child and caregivers.
• Children start preschool and kindergarten during early childhood.
• Adults supervise and support the child's development process.
• Autonomy and socialization are important aspects of early childhood.

Middle Childhood

• Middle childhood starts around age 6 and ends around age 9 or 10.
• Children develop socially and mentally during this stage.
• School years begin in middle childhood, presenting new challenges and opportunities.
• Mental disorders like autism, dyslexia, dyscalculia, and ADHD may become noticeable during this stage.
• Children learn responsibility, social comparison, and engage in social play during middle childhood.

Late Childhood

• Late childhood, or preadolescence, occurs before the major onset of puberty.
• It is typically defined as ages 9-12.
• Preadolescents have a more realistic view of life compared to younger children.
• Challenges and anxieties arise during this stage.
• Preadolescents have more mature and sensible thoughts.

Child Data Sources