Sintering

General Sintering

Sintering is a process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by pressure or heat without melting it.
It is used in manufacturing processes for metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials.
Sintering can occur at temperatures below the melting point of the material.
It is often chosen for materials with high melting points, such as tungsten and molybdenum.
The study of sintering in metallurgical powder-related processes is known as powder metallurgy.

Sintering is part of the firing process used in the manufacture of pottery and other ceramic objects.
It is one of the main mechanisms behind the strength and stability of ceramics.
Sintered ceramic objects are made from substances such as glass, alumina, zirconia, silica, and ferric oxide.
Sintering begins when sufficient temperatures have been reached to mobilize the active elements in the ceramic material.
Industrial procedures for ceramic sintering include mixing, spray-drying, molding, and high-temperature sintering.

Most metals can be sintered, especially pure metals produced in a vacuum.
Sintering can occur under atmospheric pressure.
It is a common process for shaping metallic powders into solid parts.
Sintering of metallic powders can enhance properties such as strength and conductivity.
The sintering process for metallic powders is widely used in industries such as automotive and aerospace.

Sintering is considered successful when it reduces porosity and enhances properties such as strength and conductivity.
Atomic diffusion drives powder surface elimination during the firing process.
The change in free energy from the decrease in surface area and lowering of surface free energy is the driving force for densification.
The ratio of bond area to particle size influences properties such as strength and electrical conductivity.
Temperature and initial grain size are controlled to yield the desired bond area during sintering.

Control of temperature is crucial in the sintering process.
Grain-boundary diffusion and volume diffusion rely heavily on temperature.
Particle size, particle distribution, material composition, and sintering environment also affect the sintering process.
The size and curvature of particles affect material transfer during sintering.
Pore elimination is fastest in samples with many pores of uniform size.

Reference	URL
Glossary	https://harryandcojewellery.com.au/blogs/glossary/sintering
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintering
Wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844613
Knowledge Graph	https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/012dk0