Gemology

History and Background of Gemology

Rudimentary education in gemology began in the 19th century.
The Gemmological Association of Great Britain (Gem-A) was established in 1908.
The first US graduate of Gem-A's diploma course was Robert Shipley.
Gemological Institute of America (GIA) and American Gem Society were established by Robert Shipley.
Gemological laboratories serving the jewelry trade were established in London in 1925.
Expert judgment from a neutral laboratory is often difficult to obtain.
Gemologists and gemstone buyers use mobile laboratories for on-site analysis.
Gemstones are categorized based on crystal structure, specific gravity, refractive index, and optical properties.
Gemological microscopic study is used to determine if a gem is synthetic or natural.
Spectroscopic analysis allows gemologists to identify the origin of a gemstone.

Gemologists use tools such as a corrected 10× loupe, microscope, refractometer, polarizing filter, and magnifying eyepiece.
Other instruments include a dichroscope, spectroscope, penlight, tweezers, stone cloth, and color filter.
Immersion cell and ultraviolet lamp are also used for gemstone identification.
Gemologists may use a gemmological travel lab for convenience.
These instruments allow for accurate tests to identify gemstones.

Gem identification is a process of elimination.
Non-destructive optical testing is used to determine gemstone identity.
Specific gravity is a useful property for distinguishing gemstones.
No two gems are identical due to geological environment and structural imperfections.
Chemical impurities and substitutions create individual gemstones.

Refractive index is measured using a refractometer or microscope.
Specific gravity is determined by comparing the weight of a gem in air and in water.
Spectroscopy analyzes selective absorption of light to identify the gems' color.
Inclusions help determine if a gemstone is natural, synthetic, or treated.
Flaws and striations can indicate whether a gemstone is lab-created or natural.

Gemology is the study of gemstones.
It involves examining the physical and chemical properties of gemstones.
Gemologists use various tools and techniques to identify and grade gemstones.
Gemology is important in the jewelry industry for determining the quality and value of gemstones.
Gemology can also involve the study of gemstone history, folklore, and cultural significance.
Gemology plays a crucial role in the gemstone industry by ensuring transparency and authenticity.
Gemologists help consumers make informed decisions when purchasing gemstones.
The knowledge and expertise of gemologists contribute to the overall quality and value of gemstones.
Gemology is essential for gemstone appraisals and certifications.
Gemology also contributes to the preservation and understanding of gemstone heritage.

Reference	URL
Glossary	https://harryandcojewellery.com.au/blogs/glossary/gemology
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemology
Wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243330
Knowledge Graph	https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/0ghl1