Toughness

Definition and Measurement of Toughness

Toughness is related to the area under the stress-strain curve.
A material must be both strong and ductile to be tough.
Brittle materials lack ductility and are not tough.
Toughness indicates how much energy a material can absorb before rupturing.
Toughness can be determined by integrating the stress-strain curve.
The toughness of a material can be measured using a small specimen and a testing machine.
The energy absorbed by the specimen during deformation is a measure of toughness.
The Charpy and Izod notched impact strength tests are used to determine toughness.
ASTM tests are typical methods used to determine toughness.
Tensile toughness is measured in units of joule per cubic meter (J·m) or newton-meter per cubic meter (N·m·m).
In US customary units, it is measured in inch-pound-force per cubic inch (in·lbf·in).
The unit of tensile toughness can be calculated using the area under the stress-strain curve.
Tensile toughness is the product of force per unit area and deformation per unit length.
Tensile toughness is expressed as N·m·m or J·m.

An alloy made of chromium, cobalt, and nickel (CrCoNi) is currently the toughest material discovered.
It resists fracturing even at extremely cold temperatures close to absolute zero.
The CrCoNi alloy is being considered for use in building spacecraft.
The toughness of the material allows it to withstand high stresses and strains.
The alloy's composition provides a balance of strength and ductility.

Rubber toughening is a technique used to improve the toughness of materials.
Shock mechanics studies the behavior of materials under sudden impact or load.
Tablet hardness testing is a method to determine the hardness and toughness of tablets.

Reference	URL
Glossary	https://harryandcojewellery.com.au/blogs/glossary/toughness
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toughness
Wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802
Knowledge Graph	https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/032rwr